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Matthew Damstrom Organelles Project

This version was saved 16 years, 4 months ago View current version     Page history
Saved by PBworks
on November 11, 2007 at 5:56:36 pm
 

Plastids (Chloroplast)

  • They are in Plants and Algae
  • Helps photosynthesis-combines energy from light with water ad carbon dioxide to form sugars, which is the source of energy for plants.

-Parts of Chloroplast

  • Stroma-thick substance in between the grana. Contains molecules of DNA, has ribosomes
  • Grana(Granum)-Stacks of Thylakoids
  • Has two phospholipid membranes, Inner, outer
  • Thylakoids-where photosynthesis takes place. Has proteins and pigments that absorb light such as chlorophyll, chloro-green. They add surface area to grana to help absorb more light.

   

 


Mitochondria

  • Described as the powerhouse of the cell due to it creating the ATP(adenosine triphosphate) which provides energy for the cell
  • There distinct areas in it
    • Outer membrane, encases organelle is made up of proteins and phospholipids
    • Intermembrane space, gap between the inner membrane and outer membrane
    • Inner Membrane, Has ATP Synthase, helps make ATP, has cristae, increases surface area, by wrinkling inner membrane, which enables more ATP to be produced.
    • Matrix, enclosed by inner membrane, important in ATP production it is helped by ATP synthase

 

 

 

Cytoskelaton

  • Provides the shape and structure of the cell
  • Protects the Cell
  • Allows for motion in the cell
  • Plays a role in intercellular transport, for example, vesicles which carry cellular products and waste.

 

Extracellular Fluid

  • Made of intersitial fluid and blood plasma
  • Has glucose which is regulated by homeostasis
  • The pH is regulated by buffers (around 7.4)
  • Typical volume is around 15 liters

 

Nuclear Membrane

  • Has an inner and outer membrane
  • Separates stuff in the nucleus from the cytoplasm
  • There are pores for the movement of materials such as proteins and RNA

 

Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Is a network of tubules-small tube, vesicles, and cisternae-membrane disks
  • Responsible for transporting proteins that are used in the cell membrane
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, lined with ribosomes giving it rough look
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, involved in making of lipids, and drug detoxification, storage of enzymes and other substances especially calcium ions

 

 

 

 

Golgi Apparatus

  • Made of sacs of cisternae(normally around 5-8)
  • It processes packages and secretes macromolecules made by the cell so that the cell can you the substances for other processes. After it secretes the macromolecules it sends them throughout the cell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ribosome

  • Help put single amino acids into polypeptide chains. Called protein translation. To do this they read messenger RNAs, they are like genetic blueprints for protein synthesis.
  • They are made of RNA strands and proteins
  • They are found in the cytoplasm and they are also found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plasma Membrane

  • is a semipermeable membrane-lets only some particles and molecules through. Let’s stuff in by the process of diffusion, how fast this process goes depends on pressure, concentration, and temperature.
  • It is a phospholipid bilayer
  • It is mostly made of lipids and proteins

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Endomembrane System

  • Found only in eukaryotic(animal) cells not prokaryotes(plants)
  • Divides the organelles in the cell
  • Allows for movement of molecules in the cell
  • The membranes that make up this system are a lipid bilayer
  • This system acts as a surface for the synthesis of proteins and lipids
  • Is made up by: cell membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and vesicles

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